Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell

Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell

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Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2-glia or polydendrocytes, are a type of cell found in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They are a subtype of glial cells and are capable of differentiating into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, the cells responsible for myelinating and supporting neurons, respectively.

Function

OPCs are primarily known for their role in myelination, the process by which a fatty layer, known as myelin, is formed around neurons to increase the speed at which electrical impulses propagate along the neurons. They also play a role in the repair of damaged myelin in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

Development

OPCs originate from the neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain during development. They proliferate and migrate throughout the CNS, where they differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes under the influence of various growth factors.

Clinical Significance

OPCs have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including MS, Alzheimer's disease, and Schizophrenia. They are also being investigated for their potential use in regenerative medicine, particularly for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.

See Also

• Neuroglia
• Neurogenesis
• Neural stem cell