Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2-glia or polydendrocytes, are a type of cell found in the central nervous system (CNS). They are a subtype of glial cells and are capable of differentiating into oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS.

Function

OPCs are responsible for the production of myelin, a fatty substance that insulates neurons and allows for efficient transmission of electrical impulses. They also play a role in neuroplasticity, the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experience.

Development

OPCs originate from the neural stem cells in the ventricular zone of the developing brain. They migrate to all areas of the CNS, where they proliferate and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes.

Clinical significance

OPCs have been implicated in a number of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. In multiple sclerosis, the loss of myelin (demyelination) leads to a disruption in the transmission of electrical impulses along neurons. OPCs have the potential to remyelinate these neurons, and thus are a target for therapeutic interventions.

In schizophrenia, abnormalities in the function of OPCs and oligodendrocytes have been observed. This has led to the hypothesis that disruptions in myelination may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disorder.

Research

Research into OPCs is ongoing, with a focus on understanding their role in health and disease, as well as their potential use in regenerative medicine.

See also

• Neuroscience
• Neurology
• Cell biology
• Stem cell