Septal defect

Septal defect is a congenital heart defect characterized by a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the heart's lower chambers (ventricles) and prevents blood from taking its normal course through the heart. The condition is present at birth (congenital).

Types

There are two main types of septal defects: Atrial septal defect (ASD) and Ventricular septal defect (VSD).

Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of your heart (atria). The condition is present at birth (congenital). Large and long-standing atrial septal defects can damage your heart and lungs.

Ventricular Septal Defect

A ventricular septal defect is an abnormal opening (hole) in the heart that forms between the heart's lower pumping chambers (ventricles), as shown in the heart diagram. Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital (present from birth) heart defects.

Symptoms

Symptoms of septal defects can vary greatly, depending on the size of the hole and other associated heart defects. Some people may show no signs or symptoms, while others may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations.

Diagnosis

Septal defects are often diagnosed during a physical examination. The doctor may hear a heart murmur during a routine checkup. Further tests such as an echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for septal defects depends on the size of the defect and the severity of the symptoms. Small defects may not require treatment and may close on their own. Larger defects may require surgery or a cardiac catheterization procedure.

See also

• Congenital heart disease
• Heart murmur
• Cardiac surgery

Septal defect Resources
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