Stein-Leventhal syndrome

Stein-Leventhal syndrome, also known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The syndrome is named after American gynecologists Irving F. Stein Sr. and Michael L. Leventhal, who first described the condition in 1935.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Stein-Leventhal syndrome can vary, but often include irregular menstrual periods, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), acne, and obesity. Some women may also experience infertility or insulin resistance.

Causes

The exact cause of Stein-Leventhal syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The syndrome is associated with an imbalance in sex hormones, with an excess of androgens (male hormones) and a lack of estrogens (female hormones). This hormonal imbalance can lead to the development of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, a characteristic feature of the syndrome.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Stein-Leventhal syndrome is typically based on the presence of at least two of the following criteria: irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. Ultrasound imaging may be used to visualize the ovaries and identify any cysts.

Treatment

Treatment for Stein-Leventhal syndrome is usually aimed at managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, to improve insulin resistance and reduce obesity. Medications may also be used to regulate menstrual periods, reduce androgen levels, and improve fertility.

See also

• Endocrine system
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Irving F. Stein Sr.
• Michael L. Leventhal