Urethral obstruction

Urethral obstruction is a medical condition characterized by a blockage that inhibits the flow of urine through the urethra. This condition can occur in both males and females, but it is more common in males due to the length and narrowness of the male urethra.

Causes

Urethral obstruction can be caused by a variety of factors. In males, the most common cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition in which the prostate gland enlarges and compresses the urethra. Other causes can include urethral stricture, which is a narrowing or closure of the urethra, and urethral stones, which are hard, stone-like masses that form in the urethra.

In females, urethral obstruction is less common but can occur due to urethral diverticulum, a condition in which a small pouch forms in the urethra and fills with urine, causing a blockage. Other causes can include urethral caruncle, a benign growth in the urethra, and urethral prolapse, a condition in which the urethra protrudes from the body.

Symptoms

The symptoms of urethral obstruction can vary depending on the severity of the blockage. Common symptoms can include difficulty urinating, a weak or interrupted urine stream, pain or discomfort during urination, and frequent urination. In severe cases, urethral obstruction can lead to urinary retention, a condition in which the bladder is unable to empty completely, leading to discomfort and potential damage to the kidneys.

Treatment

Treatment for urethral obstruction depends on the underlying cause. In cases of BPH, treatment options can include medication to shrink the prostate, minimally invasive procedures to remove part of the prostate, or surgery. For urethral strictures, treatment can include dilation of the urethra, urethrotomy, or urethroplasty. Urethral stones can often be treated with medication to dissolve the stones, or they may need to be removed surgically.

See also

• Urinary system
• Urinary tract infection
• Kidney stone
• Bladder stone