Vomit

Vomiting or emesis is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. It is a complex process that is usually caused by a number of conditions, including gastroenteritis, pregnancy, migraines, motion sickness, food poisoning, overeating, and alcohol consumption.

Causes

Vomiting can be caused by a wide variety of conditions, most commonly gastroenteritis. Other possible causes include central nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic disorders, and systemic disorders.

Mechanism

The act of vomiting involves a series of coordinated contractions of various muscles. The process begins with a deep breath, followed by closure of the glottis, which prevents vomit from entering the respiratory tract. The diaphragm then contracts, creating negative pressure in the chest cavity and positive pressure in the abdominal cavity. This pressure difference forces the contents of the stomach to be expelled through the mouth.

Treatment

Treatment for vomiting depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, the condition will resolve on its own without medical intervention. However, if vomiting is severe or persistent, medical attention may be necessary. Treatment options may include rehydration therapy, antiemetic drugs, and in severe cases, hospitalization.

See also

• Nausea
• Gastroenteritis
• Food poisoning
• Motion sickness

References

Vomit Resources
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