DNA and RNA codon tables

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== DNA and RNA Codon Tables ==

The genetic code is a set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. The code defines how sequences of three nucleotides, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. The codon tables for DNA and RNA are essential tools in molecular biology and genetics.

DNA Codon Table[edit | edit source]

DNA codons are triplets of deoxyribonucleotide bases. The four bases in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Each codon specifies an amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. The DNA codon table is used during the process of transcription to produce mRNA, which is then translated into protein.

DNA Codon Table
Codon Amino Acid
TTT Phenylalanine
TTC Phenylalanine
TTA Leucine
TTG Leucine
CTT Leucine
CTC Leucine
CTA Leucine
CTG Leucine
ATT Isoleucine
ATC Isoleucine
ATA Isoleucine
ATG Methionine (Start)
GTT Valine
GTC Valine
GTA Valine
GTG Valine

RNA Codon Table[edit | edit source]

RNA codons are triplets of ribonucleotide bases. The four bases in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). The RNA codon table is used during the process of translation to synthesize proteins from mRNA.

RNA Codon Table
Codon Amino Acid
UUU Phenylalanine
UUC Phenylalanine
UUA Leucine
UUG Leucine
CUU Leucine
CUC Leucine
CUA Leucine
CUG Leucine
AUU Isoleucine
AUC Isoleucine
AUA Isoleucine
AUG Methionine (Start)
GUU Valine
GUC Valine
GUA Valine
GUG Valine

Start and Stop Codons[edit | edit source]

In both DNA and RNA codon tables, certain codons serve as start and stop signals for protein synthesis. The start codon is typically AUG, which codes for methionine. Stop codons, which signal the termination of protein synthesis, include UAA, UAG, and UGA in RNA, and TAA, TAG, and TGA in DNA.

Degeneracy of the Genetic Code[edit | edit source]

The genetic code is described as "degenerate" because multiple codons can encode the same amino acid. For example, the amino acid leucine is encoded by six different codons in both DNA and RNA. This degeneracy provides a level of redundancy that can protect against mutations.

Also see[edit | edit source]



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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD