Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia

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Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
Red blood cells
Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, gallstones
Complications Iron overload, heart failure, liver disease
Onset Congenital
Duration Chronic
Types Type I, Type II, Type III
Causes Genetic mutation
Risks Family history
Diagnosis Blood test, bone marrow biopsy, genetic testing
Differential diagnosis Hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia
Prevention N/A
Treatment Blood transfusion, iron chelation therapy, splenectomy, bone marrow transplant
Medication N/A
Prognosis Variable, depending on type and treatment
Frequency Rare
Deaths N/A


Human male karyotype - Chromosome 15
Deferasirox ball-and-stick model

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a rare group of genetic disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, a process responsible for producing red blood cells. The term "congenital dyserythropoietic anemia" was first coined in 1968 to describe a group of conditions that are present from birth and involve the abnormal development of red blood cells.

Types[edit | edit source]

There are three main types of CDA: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Each type is distinguished by the genetic cause and the nature of the red blood cell abnormalities.

  • CDA Type I is characterized by moderate to severe anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. It is caused by mutations in the CDAN1 gene.
  • CDA Type II is the most common type of CDA. It is characterized by mild to severe anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. It is caused by mutations in the SEC23B gene.
  • CDA Type III is the rarest type of CDA. It is characterized by mild anemia, and it is caused by mutations in the KIF23 gene.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of CDA vary depending on the type, but they generally include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and an enlarged liver and spleen. Some people with CDA may also have abnormal bone development, particularly in the fingers and toes.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of CDA is based on a combination of clinical examination, blood tests, and genetic testing. The blood tests can reveal anemia and abnormal red blood cells, while genetic testing can identify the specific gene mutations causing the condition.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for CDA is aimed at managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This may include blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy to remove excess iron from the body, and in severe cases, a bone marrow transplant.

See also[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD