Chelation therapy

File:Deferasirox–iron(III) complex.png

Deferasirox–iron(III) complex, a common chelating agent used in iron overload conditions.

Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelating agents are substances that can bind to metals in the body, forming a stable complex that can be excreted. This therapy is used in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning, such as lead or mercury poisoning, and in conditions like iron overload.

Mechanism of Action

Chelation therapy works by introducing chelating agents into the bloodstream. These agents have a high affinity for metal ions and form stable complexes with them. Once bound, the metal-chelate complex is more water-soluble and can be excreted through the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract.

Common Chelating Agents

Several chelating agents are used in medical practice, each with specific affinities for different metals:

• EDTA: Commonly used for lead poisoning.
• Dimercaprol: Used for arsenic, gold, and mercury poisoning.
• Deferoxamine: Used for iron overload, particularly in patients with thalassemia.
• Deferasirox: An oral chelator used for chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions.

Applications

Chelation therapy is primarily used in the following conditions:

• Heavy Metal Poisoning: Acute or chronic exposure to metals like lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium.
• Iron Overload Disorders: Conditions such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease where repeated blood transfusions lead to excess iron accumulation.
• Wilson's Disease: A genetic disorder leading to copper accumulation, treated with chelators like penicillamine.

Controversial Uses

Chelation therapy has been controversially used for other conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, although there is limited scientific evidence supporting its efficacy in these cases. The use of chelation therapy for such purposes is not widely endorsed by medical authorities.

Side Effects and Risks

While chelation therapy can be effective, it is not without risks. Potential side effects include:

• Kidney damage
• Hypocalcemia
• Allergic reactions
• Gastrointestinal disturbances

Related Pages

• Heavy metal poisoning
• Iron overload
• Thalassemia
• Sickle cell disease
• Wilson's disease