Esophagogastric junction

Esophagogastric junction (EGJ), also known as the cardia, is the area where the esophagus and the stomach meet. This junction is a critical part of the digestive system, as it controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach.

Anatomy

The esophagogastric junction is located at the lower end of the esophagus and the upper part of the stomach. It is surrounded by a ring of muscles known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES acts as a valve, opening to allow food to pass into the stomach and closing to prevent stomach acids from flowing back into the esophagus, a condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Function

The primary function of the esophagogastric junction is to control the passage of food and drink from the esophagus into the stomach. When swallowing, the LES relaxes to allow the food or drink to pass into the stomach. After the food has passed, the LES contracts again to prevent the stomach contents and acids from flowing back into the esophagus.

Disorders

Several disorders can affect the esophagogastric junction. These include:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This is a condition in which stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, irritating the lining of the esophagus.
• Achalasia: This is a rare disorder that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass into the stomach.
• Barrett's esophagus: This is a serious complication of GERD, where the tissue lining the esophagus changes to resemble the lining of the intestine.
• Esophageal cancer: This is a type of cancer that occurs in the esophagus. It can occur at the esophagogastric junction.

See also

• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Achalasia
• Barrett's esophagus
• Esophageal cancer