Tetralogy of fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (French: Tétralogie de Fallot) is a type of congenital heart defect that results in low oxygenation of blood. This is due to a combination of four heart defects that are present at birth.

Causes

The exact cause of Tetralogy of Fallot is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases have been associated with DiGeorge syndrome, Down syndrome, and Alagille syndrome.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot include cyanosis (a bluish coloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels in the blood), shortness of breath, and fainting. These symptoms may vary in severity and may not be present at birth, but typically develop during the first year of life.

Diagnosis

Tetralogy of Fallot is typically diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. Diagnosis is based on a combination of physical examination, echocardiogram, and cardiac catheterization.

Treatment

Treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot typically involves surgery to repair the heart defects. This can often restore normal blood flow and oxygen levels, and improve the child's quality of life.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for individuals with Tetralogy of Fallot is generally good. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for potential complications.

See also

• Congenital heart defect
• Cyanosis
• DiGeorge syndrome
• Down syndrome
• Alagille syndrome

External links

• Mayo Clinic - Tetralogy of Fallot
• American Heart Association - Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of fallot Resources
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