Hyperparathyroidism, primary
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. This leads to an imbalance in calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism. It is a rare endocrine disorder that can have significant health implications if left untreated.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when one or more of the parathyroid glands become overactive. This overactivity is usually due to a benign tumor called an adenoma, but it can also be caused by hyperplasia of the glands. The excess PTH causes increased calcium release from bones, increased calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and increased intestinal absorption of calcium, leading to hypercalcemia.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism can vary widely. Some individuals may be asymptomatic, while others may experience:
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism typically involves:
- Blood tests showing elevated calcium levels and elevated PTH levels.
- Imaging studies such as ultrasound or sestamibi scan to localize the overactive gland(s).
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The primary treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is surgical removal of the overactive gland(s). This is known as parathyroidectomy. In some cases, monitoring and medical management may be appropriate, especially if the patient is asymptomatic.
Complications[edit | edit source]
If left untreated, primary hyperparathyroidism can lead to complications such as:
- Osteoporosis
- Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
- Cardiovascular disease
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Primary hyperparathyroidism is more common in women than in men and typically occurs in individuals over the age of 50. It is considered a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence of 1-7 per 1,000 people.
See Also[edit | edit source]
- Parathyroid gland
- Hypercalcemia
- Endocrine disorders
- "Primary Hyperparathyroidism." National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [1]
- "Hyperparathyroidism." Mayo Clinic. [2]
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Hyperparathyroidism, primary is a rare disease.
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