Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome

Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome
Synonyms	Serrated Polyposis Syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Colorectal polyps, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding
Complications	Colorectal cancer
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Family history, genetic factors
Diagnosis	Colonoscopy, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surveillance, polypectomy, surgery
Medication
Prognosis	Variable
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome (HPS), also known as Serrated Polyposis Syndrome, is a rare condition characterized by the presence of multiple hyperplastic polyps in the colon and rectum. This syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Epidemiology

Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome is considered a rare condition, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 3,000 individuals. It is often underdiagnosed due to its asymptomatic nature in early stages and the lack of awareness among healthcare providers.

Pathophysiology

The exact pathophysiology of Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome is not well understood. It is characterized by the development of multiple serrated polyps, which are a type of colorectal polyp with a saw-tooth appearance under microscopic examination. These polyps can be classified into hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas, and traditional serrated adenomas.

Genetics

While the genetic basis of Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome is not fully elucidated, there is evidence suggesting a hereditary component. Some studies have identified mutations in genes such as RNF43 and BRAF in patients with this syndrome. However, no single genetic mutation has been definitively linked to all cases of HPS.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome may present with a variety of symptoms, although many are asymptomatic. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain
• Rectal bleeding
• Changes in bowel habits

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome is primarily based on endoscopic findings. The criteria for diagnosis include:

• At least five serrated polyps proximal to the sigmoid colon, with two or more being greater than 10 mm in diameter.
• Any number of serrated polyps occurring proximal to the sigmoid colon in an individual who has a first-degree relative with HPS.
• More than 20 serrated polyps of any size distributed throughout the colon.

Management

Management of Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome involves regular surveillance and removal of polyps to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Strategies include:

• Regular colonoscopy every 1-3 years depending on the number and size of polyps.
• Polypectomy during colonoscopy to remove polyps.
• Surgical intervention, such as colectomy, may be considered in cases with a high burden of polyps or if cancer is detected.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Hyperplastic Polyposis Syndrome varies. With appropriate surveillance and management, the risk of progression to colorectal cancer can be significantly reduced. However, the risk remains higher than in the general population.

See Also

• Colorectal cancer
• Familial adenomatous polyposis
• Lynch syndrome

External Links

• [Link to relevant medical resources]