Long barrow

Long Barrow

A long barrow is a type of tumulus or burial mound that is elongated in shape, typically associated with the Neolithic period in Europe. These ancient structures were primarily used for communal burials and are considered significant archaeological sites that provide insight into early human societies and their burial practices.

Description

Long barrows are characterized by their elongated, rectangular or trapezoidal shape. They are constructed using earth, stone, or a combination of both, and can vary significantly in size. The internal structure often includes a chamber or series of chambers where the remains of the deceased were placed. These chambers were sometimes constructed with large stones, known as megaliths, and covered with earth to form the barrow.

Construction

The construction of long barrows typically involved several stages. Initially, a pit or trench was dug, and the chamber was constructed using large stones or timber. The chamber was then covered with earth, creating the mound. In some cases, the barrow was surrounded by a ditch or bank, which may have served a ceremonial or protective function.

Function and Use

Long barrows served as communal burial sites, where multiple individuals were interred over time. The remains found within these structures often show evidence of secondary burial practices, such as the rearrangement of bones. This suggests that long barrows were used over extended periods and may have held significant cultural or religious importance for the communities that built them.

Distribution

Long barrows are predominantly found in Western Europe, with notable concentrations in the British Isles, Scandinavia, and parts of France and Germany. Each region exhibits distinct architectural styles and construction techniques, reflecting local traditions and influences.

Archaeological Significance

Long barrows provide valuable information about the social and religious practices of Neolithic communities. The study of these sites has revealed insights into the development of early agricultural societies, their belief systems, and their interactions with the landscape.

Notable Examples

- West Kennet Long Barrow: Located in Wiltshire, England, this is one of the largest and most well-preserved long barrows in the UK. - Wayland's Smithy: Another significant site in Oxfordshire, England, known for its impressive megalithic architecture. - Maeshowe: Although primarily a chambered cairn, it shares similarities with long barrows and is located in Orkney, Scotland.

Also see

- Tumulus - Megalith - Neolithic - Chambered cairn - Dolmen