Macfarlane Burnet

Macfarlane Burnet (1899–1985) was an Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960 for predicting acquired immune tolerance. This work laid the foundation for modern techniques in organ transplantation.

Early Life and Education

Burnet was born in Traralgon, Victoria, Australia. He attended the University of Melbourne, where he received his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree in 1922. He later earned a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree in 1924 and a Doctor of Science (DSc) degree in 1932.

Career

Burnet began his career at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne, where he focused on the study of bacteriology. However, his interest soon shifted to virology and immunology, fields in which he would make his most significant contributions.

In the 1930s, Burnet made significant advances in the cultivation of influenza viruses, leading to the development of a vaccine. During World War II, he worked on preventing the spread of influenza and other infectious diseases among troops.

In the 1950s, Burnet shifted his focus to immunology, where he developed the theory of clonal selection, a fundamental principle in the field. This theory explains how the immune system responds to specific antigens.

Legacy

Burnet's work has had a profound impact on modern medicine. His research has led to advances in organ transplantation, the development of vaccines, and a deeper understanding of the immune system. He was knighted in 1951 for his contributions to medical research and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960.

See Also

• Immunology
• Virology
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research