Megaloblastic anaemia

Megaloblastic Anaemia

Megaloblastic anaemia is a type of anaemia characterized by the presence of larger than normal red blood cells, known as megaloblasts, in the bone marrow. This condition is typically caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, both of which are essential for the synthesis of DNA and the proper growth and division of cells.

Causes

The most common cause of megaloblastic anaemia is a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, including poor diet, malabsorption disorders such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease, certain medications, and in rare cases, genetic disorders.

Symptoms

Symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and an increased heart rate. In severe cases, neurological symptoms such as numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, poor balance, and cognitive difficulties may occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of megaloblastic anaemia typically involves a complete blood count (CBC) to check for larger than normal red blood cells. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition, such as a vitamin B12 or folic acid level test, or tests to check for malabsorption disorders.

Treatment

Treatment for megaloblastic anaemia focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This may involve dietary changes or supplementation with vitamin B12 or folic acid. In cases where the condition is caused by a malabsorption disorder, treatment may also involve managing the underlying disorder.

See Also

• Pernicious anaemia
• Folate-deficiency anaemia
• Vitamin B12 deficiency