Nickel allergy
Nickel Allergy[edit | edit source]
Nickel allergy is a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis, an inflammatory skin condition that occurs when the skin comes into contact with nickel-containing items. This type of allergy is prevalent worldwide and can cause significant discomfort and skin irritation.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Nickel allergy is an immune-mediated response. When nickel ions penetrate the skin, they bind to skin proteins, modifying them in a way that the immune system recognizes as foreign. This triggers a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, mediated by T cells. Upon re-exposure to nickel, these sensitized T cells release inflammatory cytokines, leading to the symptoms of dermatitis.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of nickel allergy typically appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure to nickel. Common symptoms include:
- Redness and rash
- Itching
- Swelling
- Dry patches of skin that may resemble a burn
- Blisters and draining fluid in severe cases
Common Sources of Nickel[edit | edit source]
Nickel is found in a variety of everyday items, including:
- Jewelry, especially earrings and body piercings
- Watches and watchbands
- Belt buckles
- Zippers and buttons
- Eyeglass frames
- Coins
- Mobile phones
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of nickel allergy is primarily clinical, based on the history of exposure and the appearance of the rash. A patch test can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. In this test, small amounts of nickel are applied to the skin under an adhesive patch, and the skin is observed for a reaction.
Management[edit | edit source]
Management of nickel allergy involves avoiding contact with nickel-containing items. Strategies include:
- Choosing jewelry made of stainless steel, titanium, or other nickel-free materials
- Using plastic or coated metal items
- Applying barrier creams to protect the skin
- Using topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
Nickel allergy is a chronic condition, and once sensitized, individuals will remain allergic for life. However, with proper management and avoidance of nickel, symptoms can be effectively controlled.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
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