Ontamalimab
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Ontamalimab is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It is a humanized antibody that targets the MAdCAM-1 (Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule 1), which plays a crucial role in the migration of lymphocytes to the gut.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Ontamalimab works by binding to MAdCAM-1, a cell adhesion molecule expressed on the endothelial cells of the gut. MAdCAM-1 is involved in the recruitment of lymphocytes to the intestinal mucosa, a process that is upregulated in inflammatory bowel diseases. By inhibiting the interaction between MAdCAM-1 and its receptor, α4β7 integrin, ontamalimab reduces the infiltration of lymphocytes into the gut, thereby decreasing inflammation and ameliorating symptoms of IBD.
Clinical Development[edit | edit source]
Ontamalimab has been evaluated in several clinical trials for its efficacy and safety in treating IBD. Early phase studies demonstrated its potential in reducing disease activity in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Subsequent trials have focused on optimizing dosing regimens and assessing long-term safety.
Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]
The pharmacokinetics of ontamalimab involve its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. As a monoclonal antibody, it is typically administered via intravenous infusion. Ontamalimab exhibits a long half-life, allowing for less frequent dosing compared to small molecule drugs. It is primarily catabolized by proteolytic enzymes into small peptides and amino acids.
Adverse Effects[edit | edit source]
Common adverse effects associated with ontamalimab include infusion-related reactions, headache, and nasopharyngitis. Serious adverse effects are rare but may include hypersensitivity reactions and increased risk of infections due to immunosuppression.
Regulatory Status[edit | edit source]
As of the latest updates, ontamalimab is undergoing clinical trials and has not yet received approval from major regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
Research and Future Directions[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the long-term effects of ontamalimab, its efficacy in different subpopulations of IBD patients, and its potential use in other inflammatory conditions. Combination therapies with other biologics or small molecules are also being explored to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
Also see[edit | edit source]
| Health science - Medicine - Gastroenterology - edit |
|---|
| Diseases of the esophagus - stomach |
| Halitosis | Nausea | Vomiting | GERD | Achalasia | Esophageal cancer | Esophageal varices | Peptic ulcer | Abdominal pain | Stomach cancer | Functional dyspepsia | Gastroparesis |
| Diseases of the liver - pancreas - gallbladder - biliary tree |
| Hepatitis | Cirrhosis | NASH | PBC | PSC | Budd-Chiari | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Acute pancreatitis | Chronic pancreatitis | Pancreatic cancer | Gallstones | Cholecystitis |
| Diseases of the small intestine |
| Peptic ulcer | Intussusception | Malabsorption (e.g. Coeliac, lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, Whipple's) | Lymphoma |
| Diseases of the colon |
| Diarrhea | Appendicitis | Diverticulitis | Diverticulosis | IBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) | IBS | Constipation | Colorectal cancer | Hirschsprung's | Pseudomembranous colitis |
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
