Parathyroid neoplasm

Parathyroid neoplasm
Synonyms	Parathyroid tumor
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hypercalcemia, fatigue, depression, bone pain, kidney stones
Complications	Osteoporosis, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease
Onset	Typically in adulthood
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutations, radiation exposure
Risks	Multiple endocrine neoplasia, familial isolated hyperparathyroidism
Diagnosis	Blood tests, imaging studies, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Hyperparathyroidism, thyroid neoplasm, metastatic cancer
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgery, medication, radiation therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Parathyroid neoplasm is a type of tumor or growth that develops in the parathyroid glands. These glands are small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone. Most parathyroid neoplasms are benign (adenoma), but they can also be malignant (parathyroid carcinoma).

Causes

The exact cause of parathyroid neoplasm is unknown. However, it is believed that certain genetic mutations may play a role. Exposure to radiation, especially in the neck area, may also increase the risk.

Symptoms

Symptoms of parathyroid neoplasm can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Depression
• Bone pain
• Kidney stones
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasm typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and various tests. These tests may include:

• Blood tests to measure levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone
• Ultrasound of the neck
• Computed tomography (CT) scan
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Treatment

Treatment for parathyroid neoplasm depends on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Options may include:

• Surgery to remove the tumor
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone therapy

Prognosis

The prognosis for parathyroid neoplasm varies depending on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. However, with early detection and treatment, many people with parathyroid neoplasm can live a normal life.

See also

• Endocrine system
• Endocrine glands
• Parathyroid hormone
• Parathyroid adenoma
• Parathyroid carcinoma