Pes (anatomy)

Pes (anatomy)

File:Foot anatomy lateral view.png

Anatomical illustration of the human foot, also known as the pes.

The pes is the anatomical term for the foot. In humans, it is an important structure for locomotion, providing support and balance, and allowing for a wide range of movements. The pes is composed of multiple bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, all working together to provide functionality.

Structure

The pes is divided into three main sections: the forefoot, the midfoot, and the hindfoot.

Forefoot

The forefoot consists of the five toes (also known as phalanges) and the five longer bones known as the metatarsals.

Midfoot

The midfoot is a pyramid-like collection of bones that form the arches of the foot, which serves as a shock absorber. The midfoot includes the three cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone, and the navicular bone.

Hindfoot

The hindfoot is composed of the talus, which articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle, and the calcaneus, or heel bone, which is the largest bone in the foot.

Function

The pes plays a crucial role in various activities such as standing, walking, running, and jumping. It supports the weight of the body, absorbs shock, and maintains balance. The unique structure of the foot allows for flexibility and adaptability to different types of terrain.

Clinical significance

Conditions affecting the pes can have a significant impact on mobility and quality of life. These include plantar fasciitis, bunions, gout, and flat feet. Treatment may involve physiotherapy, medication, or in severe cases, surgery.

See also

• Anatomy of the lower limb
• Podiatry
• Foot-and-mouth disease

References

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