Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal condition characterized by inflammation of the colon due to an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria. This condition is often associated with antibiotic use, particularly clindamycin, ampicillin, and cephalosporins.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pseudomembranous enterocolitis can range from mild to severe, and may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and nausea. In severe cases, it can lead to dehydration, sepsis, and even death.

Causes

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is caused by an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridium difficile in the colon. This overgrowth is often triggered by the use of antibiotics, which can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pseudomembranous enterocolitis is typically made through a stool test to detect the presence of Clostridium difficile toxins. Other tests, such as a colonoscopy or computed tomography (CT) scan, may also be used.

Treatment

Treatment for pseudomembranous enterocolitis typically involves discontinuing the antibiotic that caused the condition and starting a course of antibiotics that are effective against Clostridium difficile, such as metronidazole or vancomycin. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of pseudomembranous enterocolitis primarily involves judicious use of antibiotics to avoid disrupting the normal balance of bacteria in the gut. In hospital settings, strict infection control measures can also help prevent the spread of Clostridium difficile.

See also

• Clostridium difficile infection
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
• Inflammatory bowel disease

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