Rhodoxanthin

Rhodoxanthin - - - - - - -

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Rhodoxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment, which is part of the xanthophyll family. It is known for its deep red color and is found in a variety of plants and animals. Rhodoxanthin is particularly notable for its presence in the feathers of certain bird species, contributing to their vibrant plumage.

Structure and Properties

Rhodoxanthin is a tetraterpenoid, meaning it is composed of eight isoprene units. Its chemical structure includes two hydroxyl groups and two ketone groups, which are responsible for its classification as a xanthophyll. The presence of these functional groups also influences its solubility and reactivity.

The molecular formula of Rhodoxanthin is C₄₀H₅₀O₄, and it has a molar mass of 586.82 g/mol. The compound is characterized by its conjugated double bond system, which is responsible for its ability to absorb light in the visible spectrum, giving it a red color.

Occurrence

Rhodoxanthin is found in a variety of natural sources. It is present in the feathers of certain bird species, such as the Flame Robin and the Red Siskin, where it contributes to their red coloration. In plants, Rhodoxanthin can be found in the berries of the Taxus baccata (European yew) and in the fruits of certain species of Eucalyptus.

Biological Role

In birds, Rhodoxanthin plays a role in sexual selection, as the intensity of feather coloration can be an indicator of health and vitality. In plants, carotenoids like Rhodoxanthin are involved in the process of photosynthesis, where they help in light absorption and protection against photooxidative damage.

Applications

Rhodoxanthin is used as a food coloring agent, designated as E161f in the European Union. It is used to impart a red color to various food products, although its use is less common compared to other carotenoids like beta-carotene and lycopene.

Health and Safety

As with other carotenoids, Rhodoxanthin is generally considered safe for consumption. However, excessive intake of carotenoids can lead to carotenodermia, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin. The safety of Rhodoxanthin as a food additive is regulated by food safety authorities, and it is important to adhere to recommended usage levels.

Also see

• Carotenoid
• Xanthophyll
• Photosynthesis
• Food coloring
• Beta-carotene