T cell lymphoma

T cell lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the T cells of the immune system. It is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and is relatively rare, accounting for approximately 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States.

Overview

T cell lymphomas are a diverse group of malignancies that arise from the T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response. These lymphomas can occur at any age, but are most common in adults. They can be aggressive or indolent, and their clinical presentation and prognosis can vary widely.

Types

There are several types of T cell lymphoma, including:

• Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL)
• Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL)
• Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)
• Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL)
• Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL)

Each of these types has its own unique characteristics and prognosis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of T cell lymphoma can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease, but may include:

• Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
• Skin rash or lesions (in cutaneous T cell lymphoma)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of T cell lymphoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsy of affected tissue. The biopsy is particularly important, as it allows for the examination of the cells under a microscope and can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for T cell lymphoma depends on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplant, or a combination of these.

Prognosis

The prognosis for T cell lymphoma varies widely depending on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Some types of T cell lymphoma have a relatively good prognosis with treatment, while others can be more difficult to treat.

See also

• Lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• B cell lymphoma