Toothbrushing

Toothbrushing is the act of scrubbing teeth with a toothbrush equipped with toothpaste. Since only two thirds of the outer tooth can be reached by a toothbrush, interdental cleaning (with floss or an interdental brush) can usefully accompany toothbrushing. Together, these two activities are the primary means of cleaning teeth, one of the key aspects of oral hygiene.

History

Toothbrushing has been practiced in many forms for thousands of years. Civilizations in ancient Egypt and Babylon, as early as 3500 BC, produced toothbrushes made from twigs or roots with frayed ends known as chew sticks.

Techniques

There are several toothbrushing techniques, including:

• The Bass method: This is the most commonly recommended method. It involves holding the brush at a 45-degree angle to the gums and making short back-and-forth motions.
• The Fones method: This method is commonly taught to children. It involves large sweeping circles over the teeth and gums.
• The Modified Stillman method: This method is similar to the Bass method, but includes a vibrating motion while the bristles are on the teeth.

Toothbrush types

There are two main types of toothbrushes: manual and electric. Manual toothbrushes are the most commonly used type, while electric toothbrushes can provide additional brushing action and ease of use.

Toothpaste

Toothpaste is a gel or paste used in conjunction with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene; it functions as an abrasive agent that helps to remove dental plaque and food particles, and to suppress halitosis.

Frequency and duration

Dentists recommend brushing teeth at least twice a day for two minutes each time. Regular toothbrushing helps to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease.

See also

• Dental floss
• Mouthwash
• Oral hygiene