Development of the reproductive system

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The development of the reproductive system is a complex process that begins during the early stages of embryogenesis and continues through puberty. This process involves the differentiation of the gonads, the formation of the internal reproductive organs, and the development of the external genitalia.

Embryonic Development

The development of the reproductive system starts with the formation of the genital ridge from the intermediate mesoderm. The genital ridge gives rise to the gonads, which will differentiate into either testes or ovaries depending on the genetic sex of the embryo.

Gonadal Differentiation

In the presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, the undifferentiated gonads develop into testes. The Sertoli cells in the testes produce anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which causes the regression of the Müllerian ducts. The Leydig cells produce testosterone, which promotes the development of the Wolffian ducts into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.

In the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries. The absence of AMH allows the Müllerian ducts to develop into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper part of the vagina. The Wolffian ducts regress due to the lack of testosterone.

Development of Internal Reproductive Organs

The internal reproductive organs develop from the Müllerian ducts and Wolffian ducts. In males, the Wolffian ducts develop into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles under the influence of testosterone. In females, the Müllerian ducts develop into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper part of the vagina.

Development of External Genitalia

The external genitalia develop from the genital tubercle, urogenital folds, and labioscrotal swellings. In males, the genital tubercle elongates to form the penis, the urogenital folds fuse to form the penile urethra, and the labioscrotal swellings fuse to form the scrotum. In females, the genital tubercle forms the clitoris, the urogenital folds form the labia minora, and the labioscrotal swellings form the labia majora.

Puberty

Puberty marks the final stage of reproductive system development, characterized by the maturation of the gonads and the onset of secondary sexual characteristics. In males, this includes the growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and increased muscle mass. In females, this includes the development of breasts, widening of the hips, and the onset of menstruation.

Related Pages

• Gonad
• Testes
• Ovaries
• Müllerian ducts
• Wolffian ducts
• Genital tubercle
• Puberty
• SRY gene
• Anti-Müllerian hormone
• Testosterone