Anabasis

Anabasis
Author	Xenophon
Language	Ancient Greek

Anabasis (Greek: Ἀνάβασις) is a work by the ancient Greek writer Xenophon. It is a narrative of the expedition of Cyrus the Younger, a Persian prince, and his Greek mercenaries, known as the "Ten Thousand," as they marched into the heart of the Persian Empire in 401 BC. The work is a firsthand account of the journey and the challenges faced by the Greek soldiers as they attempted to return home after the death of Cyrus.

Historical Context

The Anabasis was written in the early 4th century BC and provides a detailed account of the events surrounding the Battle of Cunaxa and the subsequent retreat of the Greek mercenaries. The narrative is significant for its insights into Greek and Persian military tactics, as well as its portrayal of the cultural and political landscape of the time.

Summary

The Anabasis is divided into seven books:

• Book 1: Describes the gathering of the Greek mercenaries and their march to join Cyrus.
• Book 2: Covers the march to the Battle of Cunaxa and the death of Cyrus.
• Book 3: Details the Greeks' decision to retreat and their election of new leaders, including Xenophon himself.
• Book 4: Chronicles the difficult journey through hostile territory and harsh conditions.
• Book 5: Describes the Greeks' encounters with various peoples and their struggles for survival.
• Book 6: Focuses on the Greeks' crossing of the mountains and their arrival at the Black Sea.
• Book 7: Concludes with the Greeks' journey through Thrace and their eventual return to Greece.

Themes

The Anabasis explores themes of leadership, survival, and the clash of cultures. Xenophon emphasizes the importance of discipline, unity, and strategic thinking in overcoming adversity. The work also reflects on the nature of power and the dynamics of Greek and Persian interactions.

Influence and Legacy

The Anabasis has been influential in both historical and literary contexts. It has been studied for its detailed military accounts and its portrayal of leadership under duress. The work has inspired numerous adaptations and has been referenced in various cultural and educational contexts.

Also see

• Xenophon
• Cyrus the Younger
• Battle of Cunaxa
• Ten Thousand (Greek mercenaries)
• Ancient Greek literature