Bismuth hydroxide

Bismuth hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Bi(OH)₃. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water and is typically encountered as a hydrated form of bismuth oxide. Bismuth hydroxide is of interest in various fields, including medicine, chemistry, and materials science.

Structure and Properties

Bismuth hydroxide is composed of bismuth cations (Bi³⁺) and hydroxide anions (OH⁻). The compound is typically found as a white, amorphous solid. It is poorly soluble in water, which limits its direct applications in aqueous solutions. However, it can be converted to other bismuth compounds that are more soluble or reactive.

Preparation

Bismuth hydroxide can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth salts, such as bismuth nitrate, with a strong base like sodium hydroxide:

Bi(NO₃)₃ + 3 NaOH → Bi(OH)₃ + 3 NaNO₃

This reaction results in the precipitation of bismuth hydroxide as a solid.

Applications

Bismuth hydroxide is used as a precursor to other bismuth compounds. It can be thermally decomposed to form bismuth oxide, which is used in various applications such as pigments, catalysts, and in the production of certain types of glass and ceramics.

In the field of medicine, bismuth compounds are known for their antimicrobial properties and are used in treatments for gastrointestinal disorders. Bismuth hydroxide itself is not directly used in medicine, but it is a component in the synthesis of other bismuth-based pharmaceuticals.

Safety and Handling

Bismuth hydroxide is generally considered to be of low toxicity, but as with all chemical compounds, it should be handled with care. Appropriate safety measures, such as wearing gloves and eye protection, should be taken to avoid direct contact.

Also see

• Bismuth oxide
• Bismuth subnitrate
• Bismuth subsalicylate
• Hydroxide
• Inorganic chemistry