Cystocele

Cystocele

Introduction

A cystocele, also known as a "dropped bladder," occurs when the bladder descends into or out of the vagina.

Pathophysiology

Medical illustration of a cystocele.

Cystocele results from weakening or damage to the muscles or tissues in the pelvic area, compromising their ability to support pelvic organs.

Causes

Factors contributing to cystocele development include:

• Childbirth
• Chronic straining (e.g., heavy lifting, constipation)
• Menopause
• Aging
• Previous pelvic surgery

Symptoms

Symptoms associated with cystocele can include:

• Pelvic pressure or discomfort
• Urinary problems, such as incontinence or frequent urination
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Visible or palpable bulge in the vagina

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic examination. Additional tests may include:

• Urodynamic testing
• Cystourethroscopy
• Imaging studies (ultrasound or MRI)

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity and may include:

• Non-surgical approaches like pelvic floor exercises or pessaries
• Surgical interventions to repair and support the pelvic floor

Complications

If untreated, cystocele may lead to recurrent urinary tract infections, impaired bladder emptying, and impact the quality of life.

Prevention

Preventive strategies focus on pelvic floor strengthening and avoiding factors that contribute to pelvic floor strain.

Epidemiology

Cystocele is more common in postmenopausal women but can occur at any age.

See Also

• Pelvic organ prolapse
• Urinary incontinence
• Pelvic floor

External Links

• U.S. Office on Women’s Health - Pelvic Organ Prolapse
• International Continence Society - Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Cystocele Resources
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