Deficiency disease

Deficiency disease refers to a spectrum of medical conditions that arise due to a lack of specific nutrients in a person's diet. These nutrients include vitamins, minerals, proteins, and certain fats. Deficiency diseases can lead to a variety of health problems, ranging from minor issues like fatigue and skin problems to severe conditions like scurvy, rickets, and pellagra.

Causes

Deficiency diseases are primarily caused by a lack of specific nutrients in a person's diet. This can occur due to poor diet, malabsorption issues, or certain medical conditions that interfere with nutrient absorption. For example, celiac disease can prevent the absorption of essential nutrients, leading to various deficiency diseases.

Types of Deficiency Diseases

There are numerous types of deficiency diseases, each caused by a lack of a specific nutrient. Some of the most common include:

• Scurvy: Caused by a deficiency of vitamin C.
• Rickets: Caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.
• Pellagra: Caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3).
• Beriberi: Caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1).
• Kwashiorkor: Caused by a deficiency of protein.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of deficiency diseases primarily involves maintaining a balanced diet that includes all necessary nutrients. In cases where a deficiency disease has already developed, treatment typically involves dietary changes and supplementation of the deficient nutrient.

See Also

• Vitamin deficiency
• Mineral deficiency
• Protein-energy malnutrition

References

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