Extracellular
Extracellular refers to the space outside the cells in a multicellular organism, including the interstitial fluid, the blood plasma, and the fluids that exist in between tissues. This space is filled with a complex meshwork of proteins, sugars, and other molecules that provide support, protection, and biochemical reactions necessary for cellular function.
Composition[edit | edit source]
The extracellular space is composed of various components, including:
- Extracellular matrix: This is a three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules such as collagen, enzymes, and glycoproteins that provide structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
- Extracellular fluid: This is the body fluid that is not contained within cells. It includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord.
- Extracellular vesicles: These are small, membrane-bound particles that are released from cells and are involved in cell-to-cell communication.
Functions[edit | edit source]
The extracellular space plays several important roles in the body, including:
- Structural support: The extracellular matrix provides a scaffold for cells, helping to determine their shape and organization.
- Transport of substances: The extracellular fluid allows for the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the body's tissues.
- Cell-to-cell communication: Extracellular vesicles carry proteins, lipids, and RNA from one cell to another, facilitating communication between cells.
- Tissue repair and regeneration: The extracellular space plays a key role in wound healing and tissue regeneration.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD