Extracellular

Extracellular refers to the space outside the cells in a multicellular organism, including the interstitial fluid, the blood plasma, and the fluids that exist in between tissues. This space is filled with a complex meshwork of proteins, sugars, and other molecules that provide support, protection, and biochemical reactions necessary for cellular function.

Composition

The extracellular space is composed of various components, including:

• Extracellular matrix: This is a three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules such as collagen, enzymes, and glycoproteins that provide structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

• Extracellular fluid: This is the body fluid that is not contained within cells. It includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord.

• Extracellular vesicles: These are small, membrane-bound particles that are released from cells and are involved in cell-to-cell communication.

Functions

The extracellular space plays several important roles in the body, including:

• Structural support: The extracellular matrix provides a scaffold for cells, helping to determine their shape and organization.

• Transport of substances: The extracellular fluid allows for the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the body's tissues.

• Cell-to-cell communication: Extracellular vesicles carry proteins, lipids, and RNA from one cell to another, facilitating communication between cells.

• Tissue repair and regeneration: The extracellular space plays a key role in wound healing and tissue regeneration.

See also

• Cell biology
• Cell membrane
• Intracellular

References

Extracellular Resources
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