Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Blausen 0166 Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic

Echocardiography of hypertrophic-obstructive cardiomyopathy in a domestic cat

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a medical condition characterized by the pathological enlargement of the heart muscle (myocardium), usually for no identifiable reason.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

HCM is most commonly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is caused by mutations in several genes encoding proteins of the cardiac sarcomere.

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

The primary feature of HCM is an abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly affecting the ventricles and interventricular septum. This thickening can obstruct blood flow out of the left ventricle.

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Patients with HCM may be asymptomatic or may present with symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, or sudden cardiac death.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of HCM typically involves a combination of history, physical examination, echocardiography, and possibly genetic testing.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment options for HCM include medications to manage symptoms, invasive procedures to reduce myocardial thickness, and the implantation of devices like ICDs to prevent sudden cardiac death.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis of HCM is variable and can range from asymptomatic to severe disability or sudden cardiac death. Regular monitoring and appropriate treatment can improve outcomes.

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Brown atrophy of the heart

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Keshan disease

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Loeffler endocarditis

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Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

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