Cardiorenal syndrome

Cardiorenal syndrome refers to a group of clinical conditions in which the heart and kidneys dysfunction together, leading to acute or chronic damage to one or both organs. The term "cardiorenal" is derived from the words "cardio" (heart) and "renal" (kidney). The syndrome is classified into five subtypes based on the primary organ of dysfunction and the sequence of involvement.

Definition

Cardiorenal syndrome is defined as a pathological condition in which the dysfunction of either the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. It is a complex pathophysiological process involving various mechanisms, including hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and immunological/inflammatory factors.

Classification

The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group proposed a classification system for cardiorenal syndrome, dividing it into five subtypes:

1. Type 1 (Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome): Acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury.
2. Type 2 (Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome): Chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury or dysfunction.
3. Type 3 (Acute Renocardiac Syndrome): Acute worsening of kidney function leading to heart injury.
4. Type 4 (Chronic Renocardiac Syndrome): Chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease, or dysfunction.
5. Type 5 (Secondary Cardiorenal Syndrome): Systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury or dysfunction of both the heart and kidneys.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome involves complex interactions between the heart and kidneys, mediated by various factors such as hemodynamic changes, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) play significant roles in the development and progression of cardiorenal syndrome.

Treatment

Treatment of cardiorenal syndrome involves managing the underlying heart or kidney disease, improving the functional status of the affected organ, and preventing further organ damage. This may include medications, lifestyle modifications, and in severe cases, mechanical or surgical interventions.

Prognosis

The prognosis of cardiorenal syndrome varies depending on the subtype, severity of organ dysfunction, and the patient's overall health status. In general, the presence of cardiorenal syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

See Also

• Heart failure
• Chronic kidney disease
• Acute kidney injury
• Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
• Sympathetic Nervous System

Cardiovascular disease A-Z

Most common cardiac diseases

• Cardiac arrhythmia‎
• Cardiogenetic disorders‎
• Cardiomegaly‎
• Cardiomyopathy‎
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation‎
• Chronic rheumatic heart diseases‎
• Congenital heart defects‎
• Heart neoplasia‎
• Ischemic heart diseases‎
• Pericardial disorders
• Syndromes affecting the heart‎
• Valvular heart disease‎

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

• Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
• Acute decompensated heart failure
• Arteriosclerotic heart disease
• Athletic heart syndrome
• Atrial flutter
• Atrioventricular fistula
• Cardiovascular disease in Australia
• Autoimmune heart disease

B

• Brown atrophy of the heart

C

• Ebb Cade
• Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
• Cardiac amyloidosis
• Cardiac asthma
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cardiogenic shock
• Cardiogeriatrics
• Cardiorenal syndrome
• Cardiotoxicity
• Carditis
• Coronary artery aneurysm
• Coronary artery anomaly
• Coronary artery disease
• Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
• Coronary artery ectasia
• Coronary occlusion
• Coronary steal
• Coronary thrombosis
• Coronary vasospasm
• Cœur en sabot
• Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy

D

• Duke Treadmill Score
• Duroziez's disease

E

• Eisenmenger's syndrome
• Embryocardia
• Endocardial fibroelastosis
• Eosinophilic myocarditis

H

• Heart attack
• Heart failure
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
• Heart to Heart (1949 film)
• High-output heart failure
• Hyperdynamic precordium

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

I

• Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
• Interventricular dyssynchrony
• Intraventricular dyssynchrony
• Isolated atrial amyloidosis

K

• Keshan disease

L

• Loeffler endocarditis

M

• Mydicar
• Myocardial bridge
• Myocardial disarray
• Myocardial rupture
• Myocardial scarring
• Myocardial stunning
• Myocarditis

N

• Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

O

• OLR1
• Ostial disease

P

• Papillary fibroelastoma
• Pathophysiology of heart failure
• Postpericardiotomy syndrome
• Pulmonary vein stenosis

R

• Right axis deviation
• Roemheld syndrome

S

• Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
• SCAR-Fc
• Shone's syndrome
• Strain pattern
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis
• Sudden cardiac death of athletes

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

T

• Traumatic cardiac arrest

V

• Ventricular aneurysm
• Vibroacoustic disease
• Viral cardiomyopathy

W

• Waon therapy

Cardiorenal syndrome Resources
Need Help Finding a Doctor? Need help finding a doctor or specialist anywhere in the world? Explore our world directory. WikiMD's DocFinder can assist you in locating millions of physicians.	Medical Knowledge Access the latest research - Most recent articles Ongoing trials.

Translate to: East Asian 中文, 日本, 한국어, South Asian हिन्दी, Urdu, বাংলা, తెలుగు, தமிழ், ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian Indonesian, Vietnamese, Thai, မြန်မာဘာသာ, European español, Deutsch, français, русский, português do Brasil, Italian, polski