Wilms' tumour

Wilms' tumour (also known as nephroblastoma) is a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children. It is named after Dr. Max Wilms, the German surgeon who first described it in 1899.

Overview

Wilms' tumour is the most common type of kidney cancer in children, accounting for approximately 90% of cases. It typically affects children aged 3 to 4 years old, but can occur at any age. The tumour originates from immature kidney cells and can grow quite large before it is detected.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of Wilms' tumour is a swollen abdomen, which is usually painless. Other symptoms can include blood in the urine, high blood pressure, fever, loss of appetite, and general malaise. However, these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so a definitive diagnosis requires medical testing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Wilms' tumour typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type and stage of the tumour.

Treatment

Treatment for Wilms' tumour usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. The specific treatment plan depends on the size and location of the tumour, the child's overall health, and other factors. The prognosis for children with Wilms' tumour is generally good, with a survival rate of over 90% with appropriate treatment.

Research

Research into Wilms' tumour is ongoing, with scientists studying the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its development. This research could lead to new treatments and improved outcomes for children with this disease.

See also

• Childhood cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Pediatric oncology