History of Columbia University

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History of Columbia University

Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, it is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest in the United States. The university has played a significant role in the cultural and academic development of the country.

Founding and Early Years

Columbia University was originally founded as King's College in 1754. The college was established by the Church of England and was located in Lower Manhattan. The first president was Samuel Johnson, and the college's first classes were held in July 1754.

During the American Revolution, the college was closed from 1776 to 1784. After the war, the college was renamed Columbia College in 1784 to reflect the patriotic fervor that had inspired the nation's quest for independence. The name "Columbia" was derived from Christopher Columbus, a symbol of the New World.

19th Century Developments

In 1857, Columbia College moved from its original location in Lower Manhattan to a new campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue. The college continued to grow, and in 1896, it was renamed Columbia University to reflect its expanded academic offerings and research capabilities.

During this period, Columbia established several professional schools, including the Columbia Law School in 1858, the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1860, and the School of Mines (now the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science) in 1864.

20th Century Expansion

In 1897, Columbia University moved to its current location in Morningside Heights, a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan. The new campus was designed by the architectural firm McKim, Mead & White and featured the iconic Low Memorial Library.

Throughout the 20th century, Columbia continued to expand its academic programs and facilities. The university played a pivotal role in the development of the Manhattan Project during World War II, contributing to the research that led to the creation of the atomic bomb.

Columbia also became a center for social and political activism, particularly during the 1960s. The Columbia University protests of 1968 were a series of demonstrations against the university's involvement in military research and its plans to build a gymnasium in Morningside Park, which was seen as a symbol of racial segregation.

Modern Era

Today, Columbia University is a leading global institution known for its rigorous academic programs, distinguished faculty, and diverse student body. The university comprises 20 schools and affiliates, including the Columbia Business School, the Columbia Journalism School, and the Mailman School of Public Health.

Columbia continues to be at the forefront of research and innovation, with numerous Nobel laureates, Pulitzer Prize winners, and other distinguished scholars among its faculty and alumni.

Related Pages

• Ivy League
• New York City
• American Revolution
• Manhattan Project
• Columbia University protests of 1968
• Low Memorial Library
• Columbia Business School
• Columbia Journalism School
• Mailman School of Public Health