Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is a group of pathogens that are part of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). These bacteria are common in the environment and can cause disease in animals and humans.

Overview

MAI is a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that is found in water and soil. It can cause lung disease in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those who have had an organ transplant. It can also cause disease in people with chronic lung conditions like COPD or cystic fibrosis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of MAI infection can vary, but often include cough, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MAI infection is typically made through laboratory testing of a sputum sample. This can include culture testing or molecular testing.

Treatment

Treatment for MAI infection typically involves a combination of antibiotics, often including macrolides, ethambutol, and rifamycins. Treatment can be challenging due to the bacteria's resistance to many antibiotics.

See also

• Mycobacterium avium complex
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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