Sodium thiosulfate (medical use)

Sodium Thiosulfate (Medical Use)

Sodium thiosulfate is a medication and antidote used for a variety of medical purposes. It is a colorless, crystalline inorganic compound that is water soluble. Sodium thiosulfate is used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning, calciphylaxis, and to decrease the side effects of cisplatin.

Medical Uses[edit]

Cyanide Poisoning[edit]

Sodium thiosulfate acts as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. It works by converting cyanide to thiocyanate, which is less toxic and can be excreted in urine. This treatment is often used in conjunction with hydroxocobalamin or sodium nitrite.

Calciphylaxis[edit]

In the treatment of calciphylaxis, sodium thiosulfate is used due to its calcium chelating properties. Calciphylaxis is a painful and serious condition that causes skin necrosis and can lead to death. It is often seen in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Cisplatin Side Effects[edit]

Sodium thiosulfate is also used to decrease the side effects of cisplatin, a chemotherapy medication. Cisplatin can cause severe kidney problems, and sodium thiosulfate helps to protect the kidneys by binding to the platinum in cisplatin.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of sodium thiosulfate include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. More serious side effects can include an allergic reaction, low blood pressure, and rapid heart rate.

Pharmacology[edit]

Sodium thiosulfate works by binding to certain toxic substances in the body, allowing them to be more easily excreted. In the case of cyanide poisoning, it binds to the cyanide to form thiocyanate, which is then excreted in the urine.

History[edit]

Sodium thiosulfate was first used as a treatment for cyanide poisoning in the early 20th century. Its use in treating calciphylaxis and reducing the side effects of cisplatin is more recent.