Astroblastoma

Astroblastoma is a rare type of brain tumor that originates from astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the central nervous system. It is considered a neuroepithelial tumor and is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. The tumor is characterized by its unique histological features and clinical behavior.

Histology

Histological specimen of astroblastoma showing perivascular pseudorosettes.

Astroblastomas are distinguished by their perivascular pseudorosettes, which are formations of tumor cells arranged around blood vessels. The tumor cells are typically large, with abundant cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei. The presence of these pseudorosettes is a key diagnostic feature that helps differentiate astroblastoma from other types of gliomas.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with astroblastoma often present with symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure, such as headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Other symptoms may include seizures, neurological deficits, and changes in mental status. The location of the tumor within the brain can influence the specific symptoms experienced by the patient.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of astroblastoma is typically made through a combination of neuroimaging and histopathological examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality, as it provides detailed information about the tumor's size, location, and characteristics. A definitive diagnosis is made through a biopsy and subsequent microscopic examination of the tumor tissue.

Treatment

The primary treatment for astroblastoma is surgical resection. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible while preserving neurological function. In some cases, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy may be used as adjunctive treatments, particularly if the tumor is not completely resectable or if there is evidence of recurrence.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with astroblastoma varies depending on several factors, including the extent of surgical resection, the tumor's histological grade, and the patient's age. Generally, complete surgical resection is associated with a better prognosis. However, due to the rarity of the tumor, there is limited data on long-term outcomes.

Related pages

• Glioma
• Astrocytoma
• Brain tumor
• Neuroepithelial tumor