Caspase-8 deficiency

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Caspase-8 deficiency
Synonyms
Pronounce
Specialty	Immunology
Symptoms	Recurrent infections, lymphadenopathy, autoimmune disorders
Complications	Increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases
Onset	Infancy
Duration	Chronic
Types
Causes	Mutations in the CASP8 gene
Risks
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, immunological assays
Differential diagnosis	Other primary immunodeficiency disorders
Prevention
Treatment	Immunoglobulin replacement therapy, antibiotics
Medication
Prognosis	Variable, depending on severity
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

Caspase-8 Deficiency

Diagram illustrating autosomal recessive inheritance.

Caspase-8 deficiency is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme caspase-8, which plays a crucial role in the process of apoptosis and the regulation of the immune system. This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, to be affected by the disorder.

Pathophysiology

Caspase-8 is a member of the caspase family of enzymes, which are essential for the execution of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death. In addition to its role in apoptosis, caspase-8 is involved in the activation of NF-kB and the regulation of cytokine production, which are critical for immune responses. In individuals with caspase-8 deficiency, the lack of functional caspase-8 disrupts these processes, leading to impaired apoptosis and dysregulation of the immune system. This can result in increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune disorders, and lymphoproliferative diseases.

Clinical Features

Patients with caspase-8 deficiency may present with a variety of clinical features, including:

• Recurrent infections due to impaired immune function.
• Autoimmune manifestations, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia or systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Lymphoproliferative disorders, which may include lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of caspase-8 deficiency is typically made through genetic testing, which can identify mutations in the gene encoding caspase-8. Laboratory tests may also reveal abnormalities in immune function, such as reduced lymphocyte apoptosis and altered cytokine production.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for caspase-8 deficiency, and treatment is primarily supportive. Management strategies may include:

• Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infections.
• Immunosuppressive therapy to control autoimmune symptoms.
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in severe cases.

See also

• Apoptosis
• Caspase
• Autosomal recessive
• Immune system