Cervix uteri

Cervix Uteri

The cervix uteri, commonly referred to as the cervix, is a cylindrical shaped organ that forms the lower part and neck of the uterus. It connects the uterus to the vagina, facilitating the passage of sperm into the uterus and menstrual fluid out of it.

Anatomy

The cervix is typically 2-3 cm long and has a cylindrical or conical shape. It is divided into two main parts: the ectocervix and the endocervix. The ectocervix is the part of the cervix that can be seen from the vagina during a gynecological examination. The endocervix, also known as the cervical canal, connects the uterus and vagina.

Function

The cervix plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system. It produces cervical mucus that changes in consistency during the menstrual cycle to prevent or promote pregnancy. During childbirth, the cervix dilates to allow for the passage of the baby.

Health Issues

Various health issues can affect the cervix, including cervical cancer, cervical polyps, and cervical dysplasia. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular pap smear tests can help detect cervical cancer at an early stage.

See Also

• Uterus
• Vagina
• Menstrual Cycle
• Cervical Cancer
• Human Papillomavirus