Chocolate cyst of ovary
Chocolate Cyst of Ovary[edit | edit source]
A chocolate cyst of the ovary, also known as an endometrioma, is a type of ovarian cyst formed when endometrial tissue grows in the ovaries. This condition is associated with endometriosis, a disorder in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus, called the endometrium, starts to grow outside the uterus.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Chocolate cysts are so named because they contain a thick, brown, tar-like fluid, which is old blood. These cysts form when endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, grows in the ovaries and bleeds during the menstrual cycle. The blood becomes trapped in the cyst, leading to the characteristic appearance.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of chocolate cysts can vary, but they often include:
- Pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea)
- Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Infertility
Some women may not experience any symptoms, and the cysts are discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of chocolate cysts typically involves:
- Ultrasound: A transvaginal ultrasound can help visualize the cysts.
- MRI: Provides detailed images of the ovaries and can help differentiate endometriomas from other types of ovarian cysts.
- Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure that allows direct visualization and potential biopsy of the cysts.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment options for chocolate cysts depend on the severity of symptoms and the patient's desire for fertility. Options include:
- Hormonal therapy: Such as oral contraceptives, GnRH agonists, or progestins to reduce the size of the cysts and manage symptoms.
- Surgical intervention: Laparoscopic surgery to remove the cysts while preserving ovarian tissue, especially in women who wish to maintain fertility.
- Pain management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for women with chocolate cysts varies. While treatment can alleviate symptoms and improve fertility, endometriosis is a chronic condition that may require ongoing management. Recurrence of cysts is possible, especially if the underlying endometriosis is not addressed.
Also see[edit | edit source]
{{This 'Reproductive system diseases' related article is a stub.}}
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