Chronic renal disease

Chronic renal disease (CRD), also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a type of kidney disease characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is a serious condition that can lead to renal failure if not properly managed.

Causes

The most common causes of chronic renal disease are diabetes and high blood pressure, which are responsible for up to two-thirds of the cases. Other causes include glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, prolonged urinary tract obstruction, and certain inherited diseases.

Symptoms

In the early stages of chronic renal disease, there may be few or no symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sleep problems, changes in urination, and swelling in the ankles and feet.

Diagnosis

Chronic renal disease is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, urine tests, and imaging tests. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is often used to measure kidney function.

Treatment

Treatment for chronic renal disease focuses on slowing the progression of the kidney damage, usually by controlling the underlying cause. This may include medications to lower blood pressure, control blood glucose levels, and treat anemia. In later stages of the disease, treatment may include dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Prognosis

The prognosis for chronic renal disease varies depending on the underlying cause, the patient's overall health, and how well the disease is managed. With appropriate treatment, many people with chronic renal disease can live long, healthy lives.

See also

• Acute kidney injury
• Kidney failure
• Renal physiology
• Nephrology