Chronic renal failure

Chronic renal failure (CRF), also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a long-term condition where the kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste products from the blood. This condition is progressive and can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.

Causes

The most common causes of CRF are diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which can damage the kidneys over time. Other causes include glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, prolonged urinary tract obstruction, and certain inherited disorders.

Symptoms

Symptoms of CRF may not be noticeable until the disease has significantly progressed. They can include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, itching, muscle cramps, and swelling in the legs and feet. As the disease progresses, it can lead to anemia, bone disease, and cardiovascular disease.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CRF is typically based on a combination of blood tests, urine tests, and medical imaging. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is often used to assess kidney function.

Treatment

While there is no cure for CRF, treatment focuses on slowing the progression of the disease and managing symptoms. This can include medication, changes to diet, and in severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Prognosis

The prognosis for CRF varies depending on the underlying cause, the individual's overall health, and how well they respond to treatment. Early detection and management can significantly improve the prognosis.

See also

• Acute kidney injury
• Kidney disease
• Nephrology