Eagle score

Eagle Score
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The Eagle Score is a clinical tool used in the field of cardiology to assess the risk of perioperative cardiac complications in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. It is named after Dr. Kim A. Eagle, who contributed significantly to the development of risk stratification methods in cardiac care.

Background

The Eagle Score is part of a broader effort to improve the safety of surgical procedures by identifying patients at higher risk of cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest, during or after surgery. This risk assessment is crucial for planning perioperative management and optimizing patient outcomes.

Components of the Eagle Score

The Eagle Score incorporates several clinical variables that are known to influence cardiac risk. These variables typically include:

• Age: Older patients generally have a higher risk of cardiac complications.
• History of ischemic heart disease: Patients with a history of coronary artery disease or previous myocardial infarction are at increased risk.
• Congestive heart failure: The presence of heart failure is a significant risk factor.
• Cerebrovascular disease: A history of stroke or transient ischemic attack can indicate higher risk.
• Diabetes mellitus requiring insulin: Insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with increased cardiac risk.
• Renal insufficiency: Impaired kidney function is a known risk factor for cardiac events.

Calculation and Interpretation

The Eagle Score is calculated by assigning points to each of the risk factors present in a patient. The total score is then used to stratify patients into different risk categories, which guide clinical decision-making. Higher scores indicate a greater risk of perioperative cardiac complications.

Clinical Application

In practice, the Eagle Score is used by clinicians to:

• Determine the need for further cardiac evaluation before surgery, such as stress testing or echocardiography.
• Decide on perioperative management strategies, including the use of beta-blockers or other medications to reduce cardiac risk.
• Plan postoperative monitoring and care, especially in high-risk patients.

Limitations

While the Eagle Score is a valuable tool, it is not without limitations. It may not account for all possible risk factors, and its predictive accuracy can vary depending on the patient population and type of surgery. Clinicians should use it in conjunction with other clinical assessments and judgment.

Also see

• Revised Cardiac Risk Index
• Perioperative medicine
• Cardiac risk assessment
• Non-cardiac surgery

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B

• Brown atrophy of the heart

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H

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I

• Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
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• Keshan disease

L

• Loeffler endocarditis

M

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• Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

O

• OLR1
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• Right axis deviation
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T

• Traumatic cardiac arrest

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W

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