Fungal meningitis

Fungal meningitis is a serious infection of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Unlike bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis, fungal meningitis is not typically spread from person to person but is acquired by inhaling fungal spores from the environment.

Causes

Fungal meningitis is caused by a fungus infection. Several types of fungi can cause meningitis, including Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Candida. These fungi are often found in soil and bird droppings and can be inhaled into the lungs, where they can travel through the bloodstream to the brain.

Symptoms

The symptoms of fungal meningitis are similar to those of other forms of meningitis and can include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and altered mental status. Symptoms can develop over several weeks, as the infection is usually slow-growing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of fungal meningitis is made by analyzing a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained via a lumbar puncture. The CSF is examined under a microscope and cultured to identify the specific type of fungus causing the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for fungal meningitis typically involves long-term antifungal medication. The specific medication and length of treatment depend on the type of fungus causing the infection and the patient's overall health.

Prevention

Prevention of fungal meningitis involves avoiding environments where the causative fungi are commonly found, particularly for individuals with weakened immune systems. In some cases, prophylactic antifungal medication may be recommended for individuals at high risk.