Haemophilus influenzae type b

Haemophilus influenzae type b (often abbreviated as Hib) is a bacterium responsible for severe pneumonia, meningitis and other invasive diseases almost exclusively in children aged less than 5 years. It is transmitted through the respiratory tract from infected to susceptible individuals.

Epidemiology

Hib is one of the most important causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, and its impact is particularly significant in developing countries. Before the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines, Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among children under 5 years old in many countries.

Clinical Features

Hib causes a range of diseases. The most common types of invasive disease are pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia. Other less common types of invasive disease include cellulitis, epiglottitis, arthritis, pericarditis, and osteomyelitis.

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent Hib disease is through immunization. Hib conjugate vaccines have been available and used in many countries for over 20 years. They have been shown to be safe and highly effective.

Treatment

Early diagnosis and treatment of Hib disease can prevent serious complications. The most common treatment is with antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and ampicillin.

See Also

• Meningitis
• Pneumonia
• Bacteremia
• Immunization
• Antibiotics

References

Haemophilus influenzae type b Resources
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