Hypercalcaemia
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Hypercalcaemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hypercalcemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, confusion, fatigue |
| Complications | Kidney stones, osteoporosis, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure |
| Onset | Can be acute or chronic |
| Duration | Varies depending on cause |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Hyperparathyroidism, cancer, sarcoidosis, vitamin D intoxication, medications |
| Risks | Dehydration, immobility, family history |
| Diagnosis | Blood test showing elevated calcium levels |
| Differential diagnosis | Hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, multiple myeloma |
| Prevention | Adequate hydration, monitoring in at-risk individuals |
| Treatment | IV fluids, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, dialysis |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in hospitalized patients |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hypercalcaemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. It is most commonly a result of overactive parathyroid glands. Other causes include cancer, certain medications, and excessive intake of vitamin D or calcium.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Hypercalcaemia can be caused by various conditions, including:
- Hyperparathyroidism: This is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia. The parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, which leads to increased levels of calcium in the blood.
- Cancer: Certain types of cancer can cause hypercalcaemia, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and multiple myeloma.
- Medications: Some medications can cause hypercalcaemia, such as lithium and certain diuretics.
- Vitamin D or calcium overdose: Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin D or calcium can lead to hypercalcaemia.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of hypercalcaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include:
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Constipation
- Excessive thirst and frequent urination
- Confusion or memory loss
- Muscle weakness
- Bone pain
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Hypercalcaemia is typically diagnosed through a blood test that measures the level of calcium in the blood. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for hypercalcaemia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. It may include:
- Intravenous fluids: This can help to lower calcium levels and prevent dehydration.
- Medications: Certain medications can help to lower calcium levels, such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the overactive parathyroid glands.
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
