Meningioma 1

Meningioma is a type of brain tumor that arises from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Despite being the most common type of primary brain tumor, meningiomas are generally considered benign, with the majority of cases being classified as World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I. These tumors grow slowly and may not cause significant symptoms for many years. However, depending on their location, they can lead to serious neurological problems.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a meningioma largely depend on the tumor's size and location. Common symptoms may include headaches, seizures, blurred vision, weakness in limbs, and changes in personality or memory. In some cases, especially when the tumor is small and asymptomatic, it might be discovered incidentally during imaging tests for unrelated conditions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of meningioma typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive test for detecting meningiomas, providing detailed images of the brain and the tumor. In some cases, a computed tomography (CT) scan may also be used. A definitive diagnosis usually requires a biopsy, where a sample of the tumor is examined under a microscope to determine its type and grade.

Treatment

Treatment options for meningioma depend on the tumor's size, location, and growth rate, as well as the patient's overall health. Observation, or "watchful waiting," may be recommended for small, asymptomatic tumors. Surgical removal is often the preferred treatment for symptomatic meningiomas, aiming to remove the tumor completely without damaging surrounding brain tissue. In cases where surgery is not feasible, radiation therapy may be used to slow the tumor's growth.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with meningioma is generally favorable, especially for those with WHO Grade I tumors that have been completely removed. The 5-year survival rate for these patients is high. However, tumors that are more aggressive or cannot be fully resected may have a less favorable outcome. Regular follow-up with imaging tests is important to monitor for tumor recurrence.

Epidemiology

Meningiomas account for about 30% of all primary brain tumors and are most commonly diagnosed in adults, particularly in individuals over the age of 60. They are more prevalent in women than in men. Certain genetic conditions, such as Neurofibromatosis Type 2, and exposure to ionizing radiation are known risk factors for developing meningioma.

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