Tree nut allergy

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Tree nut allergy
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hives, swelling, anaphylaxis
Complications	N/A
Onset	Minutes to hours after exposure
Duration	Variable, can be lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Immune system reaction to tree nut proteins
Risks	Family history of allergies, other atopic conditions
Diagnosis	Skin prick test, blood test for specific IgE
Differential diagnosis	Peanut allergy, seed allergy, oral allergy syndrome
Prevention	Avoidance of tree nuts
Treatment	Epinephrine injection, antihistamines
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Affects approximately 0.5% to 1% of the population
Deaths	N/A

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

EpiPen

US allergen information example

A tree nut allergy is a type of food allergy to tree nuts, which are nuts that grow on trees, as opposed to peanuts, which are legumes. Tree nut allergies are among the most common food allergies in both children and adults.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of a tree nut allergy can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Hives or eczema
• Itching or tingling in the mouth
• Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, and throat
• Wheezing, nasal congestion, or trouble breathing
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting

In severe cases, exposure to tree nuts can cause anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a tree nut allergy typically involves a combination of a medical history review, physical examination, and allergy testing. Skin prick tests and blood tests measuring specific IgE antibodies can help confirm the allergy.

Management

The primary management strategy for tree nut allergies is strict avoidance of tree nuts and products containing them. Individuals with tree nut allergies should read food labels carefully and be aware of potential cross-contamination in food preparation areas. In the event of accidental exposure, individuals with a tree nut allergy should have access to an epinephrine auto-injector, such as an EpiPen, and know how to use it. Emergency medical attention should be sought immediately after administering epinephrine.

Labeling and Regulation

In many countries, food labeling regulations require that tree nuts be clearly identified on product labels. In the United States, the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act mandates that food products containing tree nuts must list them in plain language.

See also

• Food allergy
• Peanut allergy
• Anaphylaxis
• Epinephrine