Adnexal mass

Adnexal Mass

An adnexal mass is a growth that occurs in the adnexa of the uterus, which includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the surrounding connective tissues. These masses can be benign or malignant and may arise from gynecological or non-gynecological origins.

Ovarian squamous carcinoma tumor, a type of adnexal mass.

Types of Adnexal Masses

Adnexal masses can be classified into several types based on their origin and nature:

• Ovarian cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. They are often benign and can resolve on their own.
• Ovarian tumors: These can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors include ovarian cancer, which is a serious condition requiring prompt treatment.
• Ectopic pregnancy: This occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube, and can present as an adnexal mass.
• Endometriomas: These are cysts caused by endometriosis, where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it.
• Tubo-ovarian abscess: This is an infection that involves the fallopian tube and ovary, often resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of an adnexal mass can vary depending on its size, location, and nature. Common symptoms include:

• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Abdominal bloating or swelling
• Changes in menstrual cycle
• Urinary symptoms such as frequency or urgency
• Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea or constipation

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of an adnexal mass typically involves a combination of:

• Pelvic examination: A physical examination to assess the size and tenderness of the mass.
• Ultrasound imaging: A non-invasive imaging technique to evaluate the characteristics of the mass.
• Blood tests: Including tumor markers like CA-125 to help differentiate between benign and malignant masses.
• CT scan or MRI: Advanced imaging techniques for detailed evaluation.

Treatment

The treatment of an adnexal mass depends on its cause, size, and whether it is benign or malignant. Options include:

• Observation: Small, benign cysts may be monitored over time.
• Medication: Hormonal treatments may be used for conditions like endometriosis.
• Surgery: Indicated for large, persistent, or suspicious masses. Surgical options include laparoscopy or laparotomy.

Related Pages

• Ovarian cancer
• Endometriosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Ectopic pregnancy