Atomic bomb survivors

Atomic Bomb Survivors

Atomic bomb survivors, often referred to as "hibakusha" (被爆者) in Japanese, are individuals who were exposed to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. These survivors have faced numerous health, social, and psychological challenges as a result of their exposure to the bombings.

Historical Context

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were pivotal events during the final stages of World War II. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, and three days later, on August 9, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. These bombings resulted in the immediate deaths of tens of thousands of people, with many more dying in the subsequent months and years due to radiation exposure and injuries.

Health Effects

Atomic bomb survivors have been the subject of extensive medical research due to the unique nature of their exposure to ionizing radiation. The health effects observed in hibakusha include:

• Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS): Many survivors experienced ARS, characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin burns, shortly after the bombings.
• Cancer: There is a significantly increased risk of various cancers, particularly leukemia, among survivors. Studies have shown a dose-response relationship between radiation exposure and cancer incidence.
• Chronic Diseases: Survivors have higher rates of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cataracts.
• Genetic Effects: Concerns about genetic mutations in the offspring of survivors have been studied, though conclusive evidence of significant genetic effects has not been established.

Social and Psychological Impact

Beyond physical health, atomic bomb survivors have faced social stigma and psychological trauma. Many hibakusha experienced discrimination in employment and marriage due to fears of radiation-related illnesses. The psychological impact includes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and survivor's guilt.

Legal and Social Recognition

In Japan, hibakusha have been recognized legally and socially. The Japanese government provides medical care and financial support to survivors through the Atomic Bomb Survivors Relief Law. Survivors have also been active in advocating for nuclear disarmament and peace.

Research and Studies

The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) has conducted extensive studies on the health effects of atomic bomb radiation on survivors. These studies have provided valuable data on radiation exposure and its long-term health consequences.

Also see

• Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings
• Radiation Effects Research Foundation
• Nuclear disarmament
• World War II